Instructional Models for Course-Based Research Experience (CRE) Teaching
- David I. Hanauer ,
- Mark J. Graham ,
- Rachel J. Arnold ,
- Mary A. Ayuk ,
- Mitchell F. Balish ,
- Andrea R. Beyer ,
- Kristen A. Butela ,
- Christine A. Byrum ,
- Catherine P. Chia ,
- Hui-Min Chung ,
- Kari L. Clase ,
- Stephanie Conant ,
- Roy J. Coomans ,
- Tom D’Elia ,
- Jason Diaz ,
- Arturo Diaz ,
- Jean A. Doty ,
- Nicholas P. Edgington ,
- Dustin C. Edwards ,
- Elvira Eivazova ,
- Christine B. Emmons ,
- Kayla M. Fast ,
- Emily J. Fisher ,
- Christine L. Fleischacker ,
- Gregory D. Frederick ,
- Amanda C. Freise ,
- Maria D. Gainey ,
- Chris R. Gissendanner ,
- Urszula P. Golebiewska ,
- Nancy A. Guild ,
- Heather L. Hendrickson ,
- Christopher D. Herren ,
- Margaret S. Hopson-Fernandes
- Lee E. Hughes ,
- Deborah Jacobs-Sera ,
- Allison A. Johnson ,
- Bridgette L. Kirkpatrick ,
- Karen K. Klyczek ,
- Ann P. Koga ,
- Hari Kotturi ,
- Janine LeBlanc-Straceski ,
- Julia Y. Lee-Soety ,
- Justin E. Leonard ,
- Matthew D. Mastropaolo ,
- Evan C. Merkhofer ,
- Scott F. Michael ,
- Jon C. Mitchell ,
- Swarna Mohan ,
- Denise L. Monti ,
- Christos Noutsos ,
- Imade Y. Nsa ,
- Nick T. Peters ,
- Ruth Plymale ,
- Richard S. Pollenz ,
- Megan L. Porter ,
- Claire A. Rinehart ,
- German Rosas-Acosta ,
- Joseph F. Ross ,
- Michael R. Rubin ,
- Anne E. Scherer ,
- Stephanie C. Schroeder ,
- Christopher D. Shaffer ,
- Amy B. Sprenkle ,
- C. Nicole Sunnen ,
- Sarah J. Swerdlow ,
- Deborah Tobiason ,
- Sara S. Tolsma ,
- Philippos K. Tsourkas ,
- Robert E. Ward ,
- Vassie C. Ware ,
- Marcie H. Warner ,
- Jacqueline M. Washington ,
- Kristi M. Westover ,
- Simon J. White ,
- JoAnn L. Whitefleet-Smith ,
- Daniel C. Williams ,
- Michael J. Wolyniak ,
- Jill H. Zeilstra-Ryalls ,
- David J. Asai ,
- Graham F. Hatfull , and
- Viknesh Sivanathan
*Address correspondence to: David I. Hanauer (E-mail Address: [email protected]) or Viknesh Sivanathan (E-mail Address: [email protected]).
Department of English, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
Salish Sea Research Center, Northwest Indian College, Bellingham, WA 98229
Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514
Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221
Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411
Department of Biology, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL 34981
Integrated Science, Business, and Technology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA 19141
Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA 92505
Division of Natural Sciences, University of Maine at Farmington, Farmington, ME 04938
Department of Biology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515
Biological Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402
Biology Department, Columbia State Community College, Columbia, Tennessee 38401
Biology, Truckee Meadows Community College, Reno, NV 89512
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL 35470
Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
Biology, University of Mary, Bismarck, ND 58501
Department of Biology and Kinesiology, LeTourneau University, Longview, TX 75602
Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90025
Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723
School of Sciences, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209
Biological Sciences and Geology, Queensborough Community College, Bayside, NY 11364
Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCDB), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
School of Natural and Computational Science, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Biology, Hillsborough Community College, Tampa, FL 33635
Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
Math and Natural Sciences, Collin College, Plano, TX 75074
Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022
Department of Biology, College of Idaho, Caldwell, ID 83605
Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034
Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845
Department of Biology, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19131
Natural Sciences, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, NC 28677
Mathematics and Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Neumann University, Aston, PA 19014
Natural Sciences, Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, NY 12508
Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965
Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD 57401
College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35223
Biological Sciences, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568
Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Department of Biology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998
Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968
Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, PR 00736
Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119
Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
Biology, Salem State University, Salem, MA 01970
Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Biology, Thiel College, Greenville, PA 16125
Biology, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI 53140
Department of Biology, Northwestern College, Orange City, IA 51041
School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Dept of Natural Sciences, Nyack College, New York, NY 10004
Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29732
Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528
Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943
Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43402
Science Education, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
*Address correspondence to: David I. Hanauer (E-mail Address: [email protected]) or Viknesh Sivanathan (E-mail Address: [email protected]).
Science Education, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
Abstract
The course-based research experience (CRE) with its documented educational benefits is increasingly being implemented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. This article reports on a study that was done over a period of 3 years to explicate the instructional processes involved in teaching an undergraduate CRE. One hundred and two instructors from the established and large multi-institutional SEA-PHAGES program were surveyed for their understanding of the aims and practices of CRE teaching. This was followed by large-scale feedback sessions with the cohort of instructors at the annual SEA Faculty Meeting and subsequently with a small focus group of expert CRE instructors. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the survey data were analyzed for the aims of inquiry instruction and pedagogical practices used to achieve these goals. The results characterize CRE inquiry teaching as involving three instructional models: 1) being a scientist and generating data; 2) teaching procedural knowledge; and 3) fostering project ownership. Each of these models is explicated and visualized in terms of the specific pedagogical practices and their relationships. The models present a complex picture of the ways in which CRE instruction is conducted on a daily basis and can inform instructors and institutions new to CRE teaching.
