© 2015 B. A. Couch et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2015 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

This work was supported by the University of Colorado Boulder through the University of Colorado Science Education Initiative (SEI) and a Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in STEM Education to J.K.K. This work was also supported by a National Science Foundation Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics type 2 award (DUE-1322364) to B.A.C., J.K.K., and others. We are grateful to Caleb Trujillo and Sarah Wise, also supported by the SEI, for important research contributions during the early project phases; to Travis Lund, Anjali Krishnan, and Matthew McQueen for advice on statistical analyses; and to Michelle Smith, Sara Brownell, Alison Crowe, and Scott Freeman for critical research discussions. We also thank the faculty members who participated in discussions of learning objectives, reviewed assessment questions, or administered the assessment, and the students who participated in interviews or completed a pilot assessment. This research was classified as exempt from institutional review board review (protocols 0603.081, 0108.9, and 12-0336).

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