We thank Drs. David Eichinger, Jeff Karpicke, and Dennis Minchella for their insightful advice, and our appreciation also goes to Dr. Peter Hollenbeck for sharing knowledge that led to the research problem for the Neuron Assessment. We also thank several anonymous reviewers for useful feedback that helped us greatly improve the manuscript. Members of the Purdue International Biology Education Research Group and the Visualization in Biochemistry Education Research Group are thanked for many fruitful discussions that contributed to the progress of this study. Thanks go to Nature Reviews Neuroscience as the original source for Box1, a and b, of the Neuron Assessment (Knott et al., 2008). This figure is used with permission. Other material presented here is based on research supported by the National Science Foundation under grants 0837229 and 1346567. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.