Funding was provided by National Science Foundation DUE 1339939 (a Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program grant to the College of William and Mary) and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Science Education grant to the College of William and Mary. Invaluable assistance in experimental design was provided by the Biology Scholars Program of the American Society for Microbiology, particularly by M. A. Kelly, C. P. Davis, L. Clement, A. Hunter, P. Soneral, K. Wester, and M. Zwick. P. Soneral provided insightful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The William and Mary Noyce Scholars in Fall 2012 and 2013 suggested the use of Korean and Arabic characters and helped develop the experimental protocol for assessment when learning characters. For particularly helpful discussion and feedback in the development of the learning method, we thank S. L. Sanderson, M. S. Saha, R. H. Macdonald, J. J. Matkins, M. M. Mason, K. D. Goff, and C. Walck. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for extremely helpful comments and suggestions.