This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers DGE-1311230 and 1712188. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We would like to thank Sarah Eddy for her feedback on the analyses from this article, Bryan Dewsbury and Joseph Graves for their feedback on the early ideas of the article, and the ASU Biology Education Research Lab for their feedback on drafts of the article. We would like to thank the instructors of these courses for distributing the surveys and the thousands of students who took the time to compelte them.